Assignment paper 15 Mass media & communication

Name : Makwana Vijay K.
Sem : 4
Roll no. : 34
Email Id : vijaykm7777@gmail.com
Enrollment no. : 2069108420180035
Submitted to : Department English MKBU
Topic : Social media as a learning tool (reference of face book).

Introduction :~

Social media (SM) offers many opportunities in various sectors. Especially in globalization era the requirement for the development of information technology (IT) makes the world of education must adopt and involve IT in the learning process. In the previous research, the author used e-learning software (Moodle) and blog (WordPress) for student learning environment.

There is some doubts whether or not Facebook can be used to support educational activities. A study has suggested that in the future there should be concerns about Facebook integration with education and teaching (Bicen & Cavus, 2011). In this research, the author expands the media for learning purposes by involving social media, Facebook. Because these internet sites attract billions of cyber users, especially young adults.

The current condition of student learning behaviors is affected by the development of new social technology, such as social media. Based on Table 1, it is shown that the greatest number of Facebook users are young people aged between 18 to 24 years. This age range is an age when they are studying in college. Earlier observation that the author caught in a number of lectures showed the activity of social media Facebook usage while being in the classroom. See this condition; the authors are keen to develop the learning environment by involving social technologies that are popular in this
decade.

The goal of this article is to manage student learning environment via social media.This article discusses the alternative media for blended e-learning strategy. The alternative media is using social media and blogs. This combination will create and support “always on” learning environment.

Conventional long-established, face-to-face teaching and training offers abundant advantage for learning but is confined by time and space. Now-a-days, social networking sites are gaining popularity. They help keep one updated with friends and family. Social media applications are easy to use and therefore gaining interest for teaching and learning among teachers. Facebook - the most popular social networking site, designed by Mark Zukerburg is widely used by health professional educationalists. This study was planned at finding the effectiveness of Social networking sites (Facebook) as an informal educational learning tool for medical Students. We took advantage of newer human behaviour i.e. increasing tendency to check the site every day and read all the updates posted on homepage. We thought to use this student’s behaviour in learning physiology. We created physiology group and posted the topics previously taught in the classroom. We tried to reinforce the topics in forms of diagrams, animations, multiple choice questions and puzzles. At the end of study, improvement in student’s knowledge and students learning experience were evaluated.

METHODS :~

This research involves a total 100 students participated in the observations. The author made observations of student behavior in the classroom for some time previously. Furthermore, the authors explore a number of features on social media Facebook who could be involved in the learning process.
The subject is one specialization subject in computer science/information systems field, Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) (Abdillah, 2014). In KMS subject there is a subject of Knowledge Sharing. The author uses Social Media to apply knowledge sharing between lecturer and
students, and student with their group study in the class. Knowledge sharing process is the key to enhance the externalization and dissemination of knowledge.

Social media (Facebook), weblog application (Wordpress), mobile operating systems for Apple (iOS), blog application for iPhone (Wordpress for iPhone), and Facebook application for iPhone as the main software are used in the research. The author also involves cloud storage, Dropbox. Cloud storage services like Dropbox allows users to store files remotely and to synchronize them with multiple devices. DropBox makes a class become a learning community working together simultaneously, in real-time, with or without face-to-face contact.

Lecturer combines severals conditions to conduct the blended learning involved class meeting,  e-learning, and group presentations. The total general meeting is 14 (fourteen) meetings. Two of them are e learning meetings; two meetings use for exams, one meeting for group presentations. Every class meeting will involve 31 – 55 students. During the semester, a subject consist of six main activities, namely: Daily Attendances, Daily Test , Mid Test, Weekly Reports,
Presentation, and Final Test.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS :~

In this section, Author explains how to set-up social media-based learning environments. The discussions are made in 6 sections as follows: (1) Preparation, (2) Weekly meeting activities, (3) Course Page, (4) Social Media as Online Attendance Tool, (5) Social Media as Learning Repository and Dissemination, and (6) Social Media as Online Event Scheduling.

In the first stage or preparation phase, lecturer needs to install an iOS App for Facebook and Wordpress (Figure 1), to prepare blog address, to create a Facebook page for “Knowledge Management Systems”, and to set up the array of serial meetings through one semester. The course material for each meeting will be supplied before the meeting in the most popular article format, pdf (Abdillah, 2012) and/or ppt forms. Students need to download and read every single material carefully. Lecturer uploads the course materials through Facebook page and blog. The number of power point slides for each week of the meeting at least 18 and at most 37 slides.

In the second stage for weekly activity, lecturer needs to manage the weekly schedule. In the first meeting, lecturer will normally introduce himself, materials of the course, Facebook and blog address. Lecturer also needs to explain course rules, review for the pre-requested subjects (optional), and introducing the current materials, grade scale systems, references. At the end of the first meeting, lecturer needs to set group study for the class. For small class, every group consists of 2 – 4 students. For medium class, every group consists of 4 – 6 students. For big class, every group consists of 6 – 8 students. After finishing setting up the group in the classroom, then the next step is to determine the topic of each group.

The author uses Facebook page to record students attendance in the class and for students who are not in the class. Facebook page provides a feature of "asked a question." The author uses this feature to share a question where the students need to reply in the comment box to write their class code, name, and student number. For students that both attend in the class and Facebook will get point 1, otherwise 0.5. To navigate the information related to the online attendance, the author informs the
meeting, date, material theme, and notes. This strategy is very useful to engage students who can’t join the class physically, so they are still able to join the class and receive the course materials. Students in
the class are excited to participate in cyber class. Figure 3 shows the example of some students who inform their attendance via social media group.

Course materials could also be stored in social media. The feature of “Add File” enables the author to upload and store the course materials. The uploaded and stored fields automatically notify all of the course participants (see Figure 4). Facebook offers 2 (two) kinds of document upload. The first
method is by using the button of "Create Doc." This method helps the author to create an online document via Facebook. Another method is by using the button of "Upload File." This method helps the author to upload a file by using a dialog box. In this study, the author uses the second facility by uploading the course materials (in pdf format). Lecturer names each course material with the label of
“Lecture_1” until “Lecture_12” followed by lecture title, and so on. These facilities create an online repository for students and helped lecturers to disseminate their course materials. Beside using Facebook, the author also uses Weblog (blog) to disseminating the knowledge through the internet. Figure 4 shows some uploaded or stored course materials into virtual social media class.

In every semester, a course consists of some activities including (1) students' attendance, (2) daily questionnaires, (3) mid-semester exam, (4) teamwork students project presentation, (5) final semester exam, and others important announcements. Normally, at the beginning of the semester, there is tentative schedule for one semester. However, sometimes, the schedule could be changed. In order to accommodate this condition, the author uses social media to create events related to any announcements to the students. Once an event has been set, all of the participants will be notified. After the invitations have been sent to the participants, students as participants may respond to several conditions, such as: going, maybe, or invited

CONCLUSIONS  ~

Social media as one of Internet application offers many benefits to modern learning systems. It has changed the way of learning styles and approaches. Social media could be used to support IT or cyber-based university. The author extends IT based learning environment by adopting the power social media besides e-Learning and blogs.

Assignment paper 14 African literature.

Name : Makwana Vijay K.
Sem : 4
Roll no. : 34
Email Id : vijaykm7777@gmail.com
Enrollment no. : 2069108420180035
Submitted to : Department English MKBU
Topic : City life in The Swamp Dwellers. Show its importance, freedom and morality

Introduction :~
In this play, The Swamp Dwellers, the main conflict is between the old and the new way of life in the Nigerian society, and Africa in general. In Southern Nigeria, the individual was tightly bound to his society, and with the introduction of more modern ideas, this relationship was not quite as cohesive as it used to be. In addition, the power of nature was also a difficult factor to deal with when trying to survive and build a life and preserve the culture. There are three main categories of characters: parents, corrupt priests and their followers, and individuals who are always moving and changing. In The Swamp Dwellers, Soyinka explores the controversial themes of power, social injustice, hypocrisy, tyranny, and balance for a functional society.

City life in The Swamp Dwellers :~
The Swamp Dwellers by Wole Soyinka is placed in a backward village of Nigeria in the Delta region. But the characters of the play often have important interactions with the town life. Typical to the people of a poverty ridden village, the town is a place of money, and luxury to the Swamp dwellers. To the older generation of the swamp dwellers however, the town is the symbol of corruption. Here the attitudes to the city life are mainly expressed by Alu, Makuri, Igwezu, and Kadiye. The older generations’ views to the city are expressed through Alu and Makuri. Alu and Makuri have two sons- Awuhike and Igwezu. Both of their sons went to the city for better prospects.

But Awuchike attracted by city cuts of all his relation with his parents. This ungratefulness even more consolidates Alu and Makuri’s prejudice against the city. In the opening scene of the play Makuri says to Alu that Awuchike went to the city because he had go sick of the Swam. Moreover, Makuri says that the young men go to the big town in order to make money. But most of them forget their folk and cut their relation with the roots, says Makuri.

To Makuri the city is the place of immortality and corruption. Some of the events confirm Makuri’s views. For example, Desala who had gone to the city with her husband Igwezu left him and went with Auchike who had more money. Gonushi’s son is another example of the victim of city. He also went to the city and cut off his relation with wife and children.

All the Swamp Dwellers consider city as the place to make money. This view is expressed through the Kadiye. As soon as Igwezu returns home from the city the Kadiye visits Igwezu’s house. But Igwezu is still outside. The Kadiye wants to know from Makuri if Igwezu had made a fortune in the city. According to Kadiye all can make money “in the city”.

In his conversation with Igwezu, the Kadiye asks Igwezu repeatedly about how much money he did make in the town. The Kadiye thinks that Igwezu had made enough money to buy the whole village. When Igwezu talks about his final restrain, the Kadiye doesn’t believe it. To him it is impossible for a man who went to city to be in debt or financial constrain. But the real picture of city is expressed by Igwezu. In his conversation with Makuri, Igwezu says that the city is the place where only money matters. Money makes a man important and big in the city. On the other hand people without money have no place in a city.

Thus we see that the Swamp Dwellers have mixed feelings about the city. To most of the Swamp Dwellers city is the place of comfort, money and luxury. But there are also some people who have a very negative view towards the city life. Still there are men like Igwezu who hate the city life but is forced to go to the city.

The city is a centre of attraction even in our society also from its very inception the city has been attracting a large number of people especially from the rural areas. This is also happens with the character of ‘The Swamp Dweller’. The city is tempting the rural people with its employment opportunities; they are likely to develop rosy imaginations of the luxuries of the city life. They have come to believe that money-making is easier in the city. But at last they meet with bitter side of the city life and realized that money making is not an easy task in the city. And they also realized that in the process of making money in the city they went far from their culture and family.

Fascination Towards City is described:-

The Swamp Dwellers by Wole Soyinka is placed in a backward village of Nigeria in the Delta region. But the characters of the play often have important interactions with the town life. Typical to the people of a poverty ridden village, the town is a place of money, and luxury to the Swamp dwellers. To the older generation of the swamp dwellers however, the town is the symbol of corruption. Here the attitudes to the city life are mainly expressed by Alu, Makuri, Igwezu, and Kadiye. The older generations’ views to the city are expressed through Alu and Makuri. Alu and Makuri have two sons- Awuhike and Igwezu. Both of their sons went to the city for better prospects.

But Awuchike attracted by city cuts of all his relation with his parents. This ungratefulness even more consolidates Alu and Makuri’s prejudice against the city. In the opening scene of the play Makuri says to Alu that Awuchike went to the city because he had go sick of the Swam. Moreover, Makuri says that the young men go to the big town in order to make money. But most of them forget their folk and cut their relation with the roots, says Makuri. To Makuri the city is the place of immortality and corruption. Some of the events confirm Makuri’s views. For example, Desala who had gone to the city with her husband Igwezu left him and went with Auchike who had more money. Gonushi’s son is another example of the victim of city. He also went to the city and cut off his relation with wife and children.

All the Swamp Dwellers consider city as the place to make money. This view is expressed through the Kadiye. As soon as Igwezu returns home from the city the Kadiye visits Igwezu’s house. But Igwezu is still outside. The Kadiye wants to know from Makuri if Igwezu had made a fortune in the city. According to Kadiye all can make money “in the city”. In his conversation with Igwezu, the Kadiye asks Igwezu repeatedly about how much money he did make in the town. The Kadiye thinks that Igwezu had made enough money to buy the whole village. When Igwezu talks about his final restrain, the Kadiye doesn’t believe it. To him it is impossible for a man who went to city to be in debt or financial constrain.

But the real picture of city is expressed by Igwezu. In his conversation with Makuri, Igwezu says that the city is the place where only money matters. Money makes a man important and big in the city. On the other hand people without money have no place in a city. Thus we see that the Swamp Dwellers have mixed feelings about the city. To most of the Swamp Dwellers city is the place of comfort, money and luxury. But there are also some people who have a very negative view towards the city life. Still there are men like Igwezu who hate the city life but is forced to go to the city.

Traditional Vs Modernity :~

Here, I would like to connect Tradition and Modernity that is one theme of ‘The Swamp Dwellers’ both are opposite from each others. It was very difficult to tell that which path that we want to followed.

Which one is good Traditional or Modernity? Tradition and Modernity issue is not new for us because we are facing this issue in our society also. With the development of human being this problem was comes into  exist. In the play also we can find the same problem. Igwezu and Awuchike they both are twins. One is representing Tradition and another is representing modernity.

The older generations’ views towards the city are expressed through Alu and Makuri.  Alu and Makuri have two sons of Awuhike and Igwezu. Both of their sons went to the city for better prospects. But Awuchike attracted by city  and cuts off  all his realtion with his parents. This ungratefulness even more consolidates Alu and Makuri’s prejudice against the city because he had got sick of the Swam. Moreover, Makuri says that young men go to the city because he had got sick of the money. But most of them forget their folk and cut their relation with the roots, says Makuri.

To Makuri the city is the place of immorality and corruption. Some of the events confirm Makuri’s views. For example, Desala who had gone the city with her husband Igwezu left him and went with Awuchike who had more money.  Gonushi’s son is another example of the victim of city. He also went to the city and cut off his relation with wife and children. All the Swamp Dwellers believes in that  city is the  right  place to make money. Then  Igwezu returns from city and meets Kadiye. He asks him about how much money you got  from city.?? Kadiye has one false perception in his mind that Igwezu has enough money to buy entire village. But Igwezu says that he is in financial constrain and by saying this he shows the bitter side of city life. He also talks about the reality that in the city only money that is matter.

Thus we see that the Swamp Dweller have mixed feeling about the city. To most of the Swamp Dwellers city is the place of comfort, money and luxury. But there are also some people who hate the city life but is forced to go to the city to make money. ‘The Swamp Dwellers’ focuses the struggle between the old and the new ways of life in Africa. It also gives us a picture of the cohesion that existed between the individual and southern Nigerian society. The play mirrors the socio-cultural pattern, the pang and the sufferings of the swamp dwellers and underlines the need for absorbing new ideas. The struggle between human being and unfavorable forces of nature is also captured in the play. Soyinka presents us the picture of modern Africa where the wind of change started blowing.

The Swamp Dwellers’ reflects the life of the people of southern Nigeria. Their vacation mainly is agro based. They weave baskets, till in cultivate land. They believe in serpent cult. They perform death rites. They offer gain, bull goat to appease the serpent of the swamp. Traders from city come there for crocodile skins. They lure young woman with money. Alu withstands their temptation. Young men go to the cities to make money, to drink bottled beer. In fact the city ruins them. ‘The Swamp Dwellers’ consummate their wedding at the bed where the rivers meet. They consider the river bed itself as the perfect bridal bed. Sudden flood ruin the crops throwing life out of gear.

Wole Soyinka’s play The Swamp Dwellers, The Swamp itself is the physical image of spiritual death. The spiritual death by which the young server all family and human ties with the village and indulge in a new kind of life in the towns is one of the main threats to the society of the village. The tone of despair which has been noticeable. And  “Is it of any earthly use to change one slough for another?”asks Igwezu, in The Swamp Dwellers, the city also is a swamp. And yet each must be experienced, they offer challenge not refuge. Igwezu returns to his destiny in the town. And in the end we find in the background that there is flood  and drought.  Igwezu leaves the  village, but the Beggar beckons him back, “the swallows find their nest again when the cold in over”.

Conclusion :~

We can see conflict of tradition and modernity in the play. Village is representing tradition and city as modernity. They both are different from each others. This play is representing those different very well. And The Swamp Dwellers makes use of contrast, parallelism, humor and irony in a suitable manner. Soyinka focuses the plight of the swamp dwellers in the play realistically. The swamp dwellers are at the mercy of furious nature unless they compromise tradition with modernity, embrace modern technology they wouldn’t have a bright future.

Assignment Paper 13 new literature.

Name : Makwana Vijay K.
Sem : 4
Roll no. : 34
Email Id : vijaykm7777@gmail.com
Enrollment no. : 2069108420180035
Submitted to : Department English MKBU
Topic : Role of Main Characters in Da Vinci Code (Talk about all main character and its importance)

Introduction :~

The Da Vinci Code is a 2003 mystery thriller novel by Dan Brown. It follows "symbologist" Robert Langdon and cryptologist Sophie Neveu after a murder in the Louvre Museum in Paris causes them to become involved in a battle between the Priory of Sion and Opus Dei over the possibility of Jesus Christ having been a companion to Mary Magdalene.

Robert Langdon :~

Professor Robert Langdon is a main character and hero of the play to show fictional character created by author Dan Brown for his Robert Langdon book series: Angels & Demons (2000), The Da Vinci Code (2003), The Lost Symbol (2009), Inferno (2013) and Origin (2017). He is a Harvard University  professor of history of art and "symbology"

Dan Brown created the character as a fictional alter ego of himself or "the man he wishes he could be". Brown himself was born June 22, 1964, in Exeter, New Hampshire, and the fictional Langdon is described as having been born on June 22, also in Exeter, and attending the same school as Brown did, Phillips Exeter Academy. Initially it is established that Langdon is a successful scholar who Brown named after John Langdon, a professor of typography at Drexel University who is known for his creation of ambigrams. An example of Langdon's ambigrams appeared on the cover of the first edition of Brown’s novel Angels & Demons, and other ambigrams featured throughout that novel were also designed by Langdon. On the acknowledgments page, Brown calls Langdon "one of the most ingenious and gifted artists alive, who rose brilliantly to my impossible challenge and created the ambigrams for this novel". John Langdon also created the logo for the fictitious Depository Bank of Zurich, which appears in The Da Vinci Code film.

This character shows intelligence because he is master of symbolism and also master of solving the puzzle & decording the ancient languages and it's hidden code. As a hero of Da Vinci Code that to show the cleverness of finding code, solve the ancient language and hepl to Sophie to find the meaning of Holy Grail and other things. He Symbolize as patriarchy because in he novel we find that he is the reason to fallen of Sophie. In begging Sophie Handle the whole situation and intelligence to move but as patriarchal alway works that Sophie fall into novel.

Sophie Neveu :~

Sophie Neveu is the granddaughter of Louvre curator Jacques Saunière. She is a French National Police cryptographer, who studied at the Royal Holloway, University of London Information Security Group. She was raised by her grandfather from when she was a little girl, after her parents and brother were killed in a car accident. Her grandfather used to call her "Princesse Sophie" and trained her to solve complicated word puzzles. As a young girl, she accidentally discovered a strange key in her grandfather's room inscribed with the initials "P.S.". Later, as a graduate student, she had arrived early for a spring-break visit to her grandfather's house in Normandy and, silently horrified, she had observed him participating in the Hieros Gamos, a sex ritual—with his own wife, who was believed to be dead. The incident led to her estrangement with her grandfather for ten years until the night of his murder.

Sophie finds out at the end of the book that she is a descendant of the Merovingians, and a living descendant of the historical Jesus. She first starts suspecting this when Sir Leigh Teabing reveals the truth of the Holy Grail, but dismisses the idea when Langdon tells her that neither her surname nor her grandfather's is a Merovingian name. (The surname Neveu is the French word for "nephew.") In fact, as she later finds out, her parents and ancestors had, for protection, changed their family names of Plantard and Saint-Clair. At the end of the book, she agrees to spend a week in Florence with Robert Langdon. In the film, Sophie is portrayed by French actress Audrey Tautou.

In beginning we find that Sophie show as main character of this novel to handle the whole concept and try to save Robert Langdon. But after Robert Langdon handle the play to show each and every puzzles solv by him, Sophie can't able to solve the problem and moVe like puppet to handle by Lengdon. He like to hold the trade of Sophie and his control that he try to solv the puzzle and both went to other clue and solv by his intelligence, mathematics and experience. We find that patriarchal power always works because Sophie shows herself as Intelligence, bravery, cleverness and cryptologist.

Sir Leigh Teabing :~

Teabing is a British Royal Historian, a Knight of the Realm, Grail scholar, and friend of Harvard professor Robert Langdon. He is said to have been a descendant of the first Duke of Lancaster, from whom he inherited his huge wealth. He lives outside Paris in a château called Château Villette with his faithful butler Rémy Legaludec.

At some unrevealed point during his life, Teabing had suffered from polio. Although he lives in France, he regularly travels to Great Britain to receive treatment because of a distrust of French doctors. Teabing wears metal braces and uses crutches. Also he known as Teacher because he uses his crutches as a weapon to knock Silas down. Leigh's handicap is an allusion to the Fisher King, who figures in Arthurian legend as the latest in a line charged with keeping the Holy Grail. He gave order to Silas to kill 'Priory of Sion' one by one. Teabing knows that Silas blindly follow the religion that he uses him to done his work. When the revealing the truth of Priory of Sion that they should, Teabing blames the Catholic Church as the ones behind it. And so, he schemes to find the documents revealing the truth, and show them to the world, thus ruining the Church. However, in order to do this, he needs the help of the Priory and its nemesis, Opus Dei.

I like the character of Leigh Teabing because this character show himself as Suspence. We think that the whole theme and structure move by Robert Langdon and Sophie but in reality Teabing is the move the theme and concept of Da Vinci Code. He also master of Histry and Cryptologist that he also help to revile the secret of Holi Grail. He try to show the connection between Jesus and Mary Magdalene and Royal blood line. In the movie also we find that Teabing's character show much depth feel and most important person to show the original meaning of the Suspense and secret. 

Silas :~ 

Silas is an albino numerary of the Catholic organization Opus Dei, who practices severe corporal mortification. During the events of the main storyline, he is about forty years old. The film portrays him as younger. The novel depicts him as a monk, although Opus Dei has no monks. Silas's real name is unknown. He had originally lived in Marseille with his parents. However, his father was furious at having an albino for his son, and blamed Silas's mother, repeatedly beating and eventually killing her. Enraged, Silas murdered his father using a butcher's knife and fled. He was only seven years old. He grew up on the streets, eating garbage and waste. Other young runaways excluded him due to his strange appearance. After he pummelled a girl for making fun of his condition, police gave him an ultimatum to either leave Marseille or go to prison. He moved to Toulon, where he continued living on the streets. After getting into a fight with two sailors, he killed one, and was imprisoned in Andorra in the Pyrenees until freed by an earthquake that destroyed the prison walls. He found refuge with a young Spanish priest named Manuel Aringarosa, who gave him the name Silas, after a person in the Bible who was the companion of Paul of Tarsus, imprisoned at Philippi and freed by an earthquake after singing. Aringarosa eventually became a bishop and the head of Opus Dei. 

Before the story's main narrative, Aringarosa puts him in contact with an enigmatic figure called The Teacher and tells him that the mission he will be given is of utmost importance in saving the true Word of God. Under the orders of The Teacher, he murders Jacques Saunière and the other three leaders of the Priory of Sion in order to extract the location of the Priory's clef de voûte or "keystone". However, Silas is reluctant to commit murder, knowing that it is a sin and does so only because he is assured his actions will save the Catholic Church. Shortly after Silas kills Saunière, Harvard professor Robert Langdon is suspected by the French police to be the murderer and goes on the run with the help of Saunière's granddaughter Sophie Neveu.

Silas follows the information given by the Priory leaders to the Church of Saint-Sulpice. However, he discovers that he was duped with false information, and he also kills Sister Sandrine Bieil who had spied on him in the church. The Teacher later tells Silas to go to Château Villette, the residence of Sir Leigh Teabing  where Langdon and Sophie have sought refuge, saying that the keystone was there.

We see that this character show and follow superstition. Because in his past life he many time survive the critical condition and take his acceptance Of making decisions of life. His skin color shows the not equal to other people. He blindly follow the superstitions that he think that he always do right. Ha also think that teacher is superior that's why he follows instruct of teacher and try to find of teacher. 

Bezu Fache :~

Bezu Fache is a captain in the Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire (DCPJ), the French national criminal-investigation police bureau. Tough, shrewd, and persistent, he is in charge of the investigation of Louvre Museum curator Jacques Saunière's murder in the Louvre. From the message left by the dead curator, he is convinced the murderer is Harvard University professor Robert Langdon, whom he summons to the Louvre in order to extract a confession. He is thwarted in this by Sophie Neveu, who knows Langdon to be innocent and surreptitiously informs Langdon that he is in fact the prime suspect. He then starts pursuing Langdon doggedly in the belief that letting him get away would be career suicide. However, after contact with Opus Dei leader Bishop Manuel Aringarosa about the murder of Sister Sandrine Bieil, he realizes that it was not Langdon who killed Saunière, but Aringarosa's trusted albino monk Silas, who killed the four top members of the Priory of Sion under the instruction of a mysterious person called The Teacher.

Fache tries to track down Sophie and Langdon and tell them they are no longer suspects, but the two have fled to London with Langdon's friend Sir Leigh Teabing. Fache follows. Fache later visits the hospitalized Bishop Aringarosa, shot by Silas accidentally after arriving in London. He sees Lieutenant Jérôme Collet on television, and is relieved that Collet did not reveal his mistake and hints that Fache purposely framed Langdon and Sophie as a ruse to find out the real killer.

Fache tries to track down Sophie and Langdon and tell them they are no longer suspects, but the two have fled to London with Langdon's friend Sir Leigh Teabing. Fache follows. He is workaholic to his job of police. He thinks that he is kiler of Souniare, and try to talk with Langdon but as his disease and fearness that he think that he is plan to kiil Souniare. 

The sense of an Ending

#***How do you understand the concept of suicide with reference to your reading of literature ranging from Renaissance play Hamlet, 20th cen Existentialist philosophy and this 21st cen novel The Sense of an Ending?

Ans : ~

First novelistic suicide pattern merged in nineteenth century. Authors like Ernest Hemingway and Virginia Woolf include theme of suicide in their writing.In Shakespeare' s Hamlet Ophelia committed suicide by some particular reason. But Hamlet was mentally upset man though he doesn't think to like this.


If we see suicide in 20th century Existentialist philosophy,then we can recall first Waiting for Godot. It is based on Existentialism and Vladimir and Estragon wants to committed suicide but they can't do it. They have not any responsibility in life though they don't do that. They have nothing to live life but they can't die also. If we see it as philosophical way that it means is when people are not able to maintain meaning that they are most psychotically vulnerable.By the reading of The Sense of An Ending, there are two people commit suicide,Robson and Adrian. Both have different reason but why Adrian committed suicide is not clearly visible. Robson escape from his responsibilities and choose to die. He has fear about lost of his morality and how society will treat him after knowing the reason.But Tony Webster has not done this all things though he was the reason of damage of someone's life. While character like Adrian who think that they have enjoy the life so now the time is coming to die and he committed suicide.

#***How do you understand memory and history with reference to your reading of this novel.

Ans :

The novel speakes of the memory and history which has different parameters. The novel constructes aspects about the memory. We keep our memories but we can not rely on that. We constructes our memories through our perspective. Memory records about what happened, perhaps it is not recorded as it is. The first part is about 'imperfection of memory'. As Adrian refers "History is that certainty produced at the point where the imperfections of memory meet the inadequacies of documentations." We can say great history to personal memory. Inadequacies of documents can't makes the certain history. As in the novel Tony remembers imperfect memory in which he can not thinks of his deeds. History and memory both are very much connected because history is the part of our memories. Tony’s own tale of his student days is quite unreliable.

Review of Harry Potter Series :~

Review of Harry Potter Series
April 04, 2019

1)Harry Potter and Philosopher 's stone:-

The first part of movie begins with Harry's childhood and follows story of Harry's  real life. He lives with his aunty and have invitation to go Hagwart. He was famous there as wizard and began his magical education journey.
-Harry's life at Hagwart:-
He is a famous wizard and chosen by sorting hat as talented one. There ge mates so many wizards muggles and witches . He face problem of purity of blood  here. He has two friend named Rom and Hermione.
-Magical world:-
The beauty of the film is presented by magical world. Harry has magical power though he has to suffer a lot. Stone ,cloak, mirror ,all these were a part of magic. Here magic is metaphor of knowledge. It is helpful to comparing reality with magic.
-Voldemort:-
Harry cane to know about Voldemort and how he tries to kill him. He has passes through Harry's soul and tries to get power by him. At last Harry wind the game .

2)Harry Potter and Chamber of secret:-

Harry comes again to Hagwart and start his second year of education. Some Gothics element is mentioned here which maintained children's literature. Hermione has power of knowledge rather practical.
- pure blood battle:-
The  element of purity gets strong here. Maliit and his son Draco become more powerful on muggles. Harry was not pure and half blood prince. It shows that the chamber of secret opens and muggles will be killed.
-Chamber of Secret:-
Here Voldemort present in a device of dairy which is his power. With hard work Harry destroy the diary a d broke part if Voldemort. Harry and Voldemort has same power but their choice is different.

3)Harry Potter and Prison of Azkban:-

This part began with Harry 's 3rd year if school and he comes to know about prisoner,Sirius Black who is prisoner of Azkaban.
-Major task:-
Main task of Harry is to know about Sirius Black . He is a good friend of Harry nad Godfather of him.
-Harry's Role:-
Harry become more vengeful and kill Sirius but he doesn't know reality. The effect of dark side of Voldemort in Harry ,starts to show it's power.Harry faces dementors and creatures.
-Ron and Hermione:-
In this part Ron was on bed and not able to anything. Hermione handle the situation and help Harry. They leads to the past by the time runner and know the reality. They saved Sirius from dementors.

4)Harry Potter and goblet of fire:-

In this part Harry Potter's forth year of school begin and he was chosen for game. He face Voldemort and tries to save people from him.
-3things for Voldemort:-
The part shows the power of Voldemort and he get 3 things for life. 1)Bone of father
2)Flesh of servant 3)Blood of enemy.
By this he again powerful.
-Game:-
Harry got his name in game as he doesn't know but he play the game. He was chosen by Goblet of fire. He was not much adult for the game but chosen by Voldemort so he has to play.  In the game he meet Voldemort and has to face death of Cedric.
-Moral of Harry:-
Harry saves life of people rather to win the game.He helps Cedric but at last he was not able to save him.He sacrifice his winning for saving the life of other.

5)Harry Potter and order of phoenix:-

This part begans with secret society made by Dumbledore. Harry meets Sirius here.
- Ministry of magic:-
Ministry of magic corrupted in this part. Umbridge ,new teacher of art ,starts to teach theory rather practical. She shows her power on ministry and politics.
- Evils power on Good:-
Power if Umbridge wins over Dumbledore and he charged with conspiracy and sedition. Voldemort's presences make fear in between people but J.k Rowling shows that the danger talk about it and they use the name of Voldemort.
-Power and Knowledge:-
Here the power wins over knowledge. Politics power of Umbridge and other wins over good and knowledgeable people. Harry and Dumbledore was right though punished by power.

6) Harry Potter and Half blood prince:-

In this part another new thing happened. Began with sixth year of Hagwart ,Harry become obsessed and fall in love.
- Memory:-
Harry retrieve a memory of Voldemort 's downfall . He gone back to Tom's memory and got the idea about his evil power. Horace gave memory to Harry ,through this he can see memory.
-Half blood prince:-
Snape and Harry comes from half blood . They are insulted by pure blood. Snape has talked with Harry about his love for his mother and about himself.
-Love  and Jealous:-
In this part theme of love is presented. Love between Harry and Ginny, Ron and Hermione. They aslo feel change in their nature and sometime jealousy.
At last Dumbledore dies for saving life of Harry,Snape killed him. Here , no need of go to school and they have to find out another horcrux so they can kill Voldemort.

7)Harry Potter and deathly Hallows part 1and 2:

Part 1

New ministry if magic become powerful and ruled on school. Muggles has so many problems. They were insulted by pure blood people and crushed the statue of their . Harry tries to know about Dumbledore's life and about his family.
Voldemort become more powerful and shows his power on Harry. There is battle going between Harry nad Voldemort. Ron destroy another horcrux. Three deathly Hallows were found here.
1)Wand
2)Cloak
3)Stone

   Part 2

Death eaters comes and tried to kill Harry. Harry starts to destroy horcrux and have fight with Voldemort. Harry ' friends became ready to die and tries to save the life of Harry. Here Harry saw that he has nature to die for other but his friends die for him. He tries to save other but he become reason of others death. At last Dumbledore and Harry talked about Death and Harry killed  Voldemort.

Thank you.... 

Education System : ELT and ICT

1 Why it is necessary to use technology in education ?


Ans :~


Technology in education makes students creative. They learn to analyse , evaluate and remember the information. By using internet and mobile devices they will learn to connect and Communicate to the people of world. Use of technology will make learning collaborative with vivid ideas , skills and knowledge. Technology like slideshare , linkdlen , Youtube on this platform student will become uploaders not only downloaders of other' s things.

2 What is the difference between using and integrating technology ?


Ans :~


In education using technology means to use only for the sake rather then integrated in practical learnings. Technology like activities prezis , produce videos and apps. Technology used to deliver information or for study related tasks.
Integration of technology means technology as a part of classroom environment. It used to achieve goals and learning objectives. Integration means to make student active and engage in learning. Technology which is used outside the classroom to construct or build knowledge.

3 How can we integrate technology ?


Ans :~


In our learning and practical life technology brings vast changes. Through technology it becomes easy to understand global world. In classroom use of  technology like Internet ,  digital learning , Blogs , SlideShare, email , flipped learning will developed our creativity and confidence.  Students will become uploaders on Internet. We  can through technology engage in collaboration and Communication with outside world.


4 Can Technology replace the teacher


Ans :~


This is the age in which human are replaced by technology. There is so many place in which the place of human beings are taken by machine and technology. But in education , the place of teacher is can not taken by anything. May be the place of teacher will be taken by technology but there will be still missing of emotion, feelings and interaction between student and teacher. The replacement of teacher with tools ,it may gave us big challenge and it becomes harmful also

5 write in brief on David Crystal's views on 'effect of new technologies on English language', 'biggest challenge for English language teachers in the times of internet', and 'texting is good for English language


Ans :~


David Crystal speaks about the influence of technology on English language.  Technology helps in learning language but also effects it. As we know many people read stuff from social media, many people are social networking cites and for that you need a basic platform to interact with other people and that can happen with a common language used by all, English. He also talked about the problems that teachers are facing while dealing with the new generation’s students. Because this language. Teachers have to teach students to accept every accent and they should also focus on the modern English used by students. As Crystal says that the earlier mobile you got, the higher your literacy goes. Exactly! Mobile teaches us lot, the whole world and every single way to educate your self is with you in your pocket if you have a mobile with you. No one really uses the Standard English, and all have to accept it. Texting is 'Good' for English Language, while interacting with new people we can correct ourselves. See, speaking English in front of people, we get nervous, but while texting we don’t. So texting helps it.

6. Name one web-tool which can help in development of all four L-S-R-W skills. If possible explain how it works.


Ans :~


In this digital era there are number of tools which can help in development of all four basic skills, for me it is YouTube. This is the best tool according to me to improve four basic language skills. We can watch the video in any language we want on YouTube. This will improve our listening skill. The more you listen, the more it affects your speech, so it will help to improve speaking skill. If one will decide to upload their own video and for that they have to write their script and also they read from other descriptive videos. This will improve their reading and writing skill. So this is how YouTube will help in development of basic four language skills.

Language lab review :~

What is Language Lab ?

The Language Laboratories are becoming items better and better valued within educational institutions since the functions and possibilities they offer are much higher than the ones in the traditional teaching-learning system

Moreover it is necessary to distinguish between language laboratory, language method and control software. A method in a procedural that guides teachers when, in turn, control software is a computer program that is used to control students' computers and to know what they are doing at all times. Instead, a language lab goes beyond, a language lab can integrate the method we want to use allowing further development of a large number of different activities in the classroom, the communication between teachers and students, using multimedia material, etc. taking into account at the same time the functions of control software.

Language immersion, attention to diversity, teamwork promotion, etc. are just some of the outstanding features of the language laboratories. According Juana Gil Fernandez (Head of the Laboratory of Phonetics. Council for Scientific Research) a language lab “allows the teacher, if desired, to transcend everyday teaching of a language to enter fully in the investigation of cognitive process of acquiring and learning foreign languages ​​in general ”.

"Digital language laboratories are much more than a tool for training and listening discursive language, they are places to study and experiment with real samples of languages​​, learn languages ​​and exercise in their use. So they are configured using multimedia technology, communications and flexible and open organizational models with any necessary tool to process philological materials.

All this and much more is what you get with language laboratories, a complete tool to put in the service of teachers and students the latest technology for teaching."

The White Tiger thinking activity :~

1) How far do you agree with the India represented in the novel The White Tiger?

Ans :-

The India which is represented by Adiga is poor, corrupt, uneducated, and cheater also. Well I do agree that not only India but all countries in the world do have these bad kinds of problem in it. But it doesn’t make them all bad. Adiga has represented the darker side of India. This novel was written in 2008, after that India has progressed in many ways. But then even we can bot fully deny that poverty, corruption, and illiteracy are vanished from India. Still in some remote place there are landlords who ruled over town people. Still there are many people who are not educated properly. So, we can not deny the India which is represented in “The White Tiger” by Adiga, but we can say that, India is not only what is represented by Adiga.

(2) Do you believe that Balram's story is the archetype of all stories of 'rags to riches'?

Ans :

We can see that the stories which portrays poor as central character at the end of the story the poor becomes rich. We can see many people who are same as Balram. Same like who belongs to poor and wide family, who didn’t complete their studies, who goes to work from early childhood, and who has bearing insults from those who are rich. These types of stories shows the struggle of poor to achieve their dream and for that becoming rich. The ways of reaching to the destination of wealth might differs of each stories but the suffering always remain same. So this way we can say that Balram’s story is archetype of all stories of “Rags to Riches”.

(3) "Language bears within itself the necessity of its own critique, deconstructive criticism aims to show that any text inevitably undermines its own claims to have a determinate meaning, and licences the reader to produce his own meanings out of it by an activity of semantic 'free play' (Derrida, 1978, in Lodge, 1988, p. 108). Is it possible to do deconstructive reading of The White Tiger? How?

Ans :

Yes, it is possible to deconstruct “The White Tiger”. We can deconstruct it with the help of Derrida’s concept of free play of meanings.  To break the language we need to find the loose stone of it. The loose stone of “The White Tiger” is that Balram himself says that he is “Half-backed”. This word breaks all the philosophy and all the ideals which Balram is presenting by giving his own example. Because he is not fully educated. He understand things with his limited power of analysis. He appropriate the deep philosophies with his shallow ideas and thinking. For example, he compares his idea of killing his master and get freedom with the enlightenment of Buddha.

Cultural Studies and Postcolonialism Online Discussion

What is Cultural Studies?

Cultural studies is an innovative interdisciplinary field of research and teaching that investigates the ways in which “culture” creates and transforms individual experiences, everyday life, social relations and power. Research and teaching in the field explores the relations between culture understood as human expressive and symbolic activities, and cultures understood as distinctive ways of life. Combining the strengths of the social sciences and the humanities, cultural studies draws on methods and theories from literary studies, sociology, communications studies, history, cultural anthropology, and economics. By working across the boundaries among these fields, cultural studies addresses new questions and problems of today’s world. Rather than seeking answers that will hold for all time, cultural studies develops flexible tools that adapt to this rapidly changing world.
What is Postcolonialism ?

"Postcolonialism" refers broadly to the ways in which race, ethnicity, culture, and human identity itself are represented in the modern era, after many colonized countries gained their independence. However, some critics use the term to refer to all culture and cultural products influenced by imperialism from the moment of colonization until the twenty-first century. Postcolonial literature seeks to describe the interactions between European nations and the peoples they colonized. By the middle of the twentieth century, the vast majority of the world was under the control of European countries. At its peak in the late nineteenth century, according to The Norton Anthology of English Literature, the British Empire consisted of "more than a quarter of all the territory on the surface of the earth: one in four people was a subject of Queen Victoria." During the twentieth century, countries such as India, Jamaica, Nigeria, Senegal, Sri Lanka, Canada, and Australia won independence from their European colonizers. The literature and art produced in these countries after independence became the subject of "Postcolonial Studies," an area of academic concentration, initially in British universities. This field gained prominence in the 1970s and has been developing ever since. Palestinian-American scholar Edward Said's critique of Western representations of the Eastern culture in his 1978 book, Orientalism, is a seminal text for postcolonial studies and has spawned a host of theories on the subject. However, as the currency of the term "postcolonial" gained wider use, its meaning was expanded. Some consider the United States itself a postcolonial country because of its former status as a territory of Great Britain, but it is generally studied for its colonizing rather than its colonized attributes. In another vein, Canada and Australia, though former colonies of Britain, are often placed in a separate category because of their status as "settler" countries and because of their continuing membership in the British Commonwealth of Nations. Some of the major voices and works of postcolonial literature are Salman Rushdie's novel Midnight's Children (1981), Chinua Achebe's novel Things Fall Apart (1958), Michael Ondaatje's novel The English Patient (1992), Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth (1961), Jamaica Kincaid's ASmallPlace (1988), Isabelle Allende's TheHouseof theSpirits (1982), J. M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbariansand Disgrace (1990), Derek Walcott's Omeros (1990), and Eavan Boland's Outside History: Selected Poems, 1980-1990.

Thinking activity of Da Vinci Code :~

1. Brown states on his website that his books are not anti-Christian, though he is on a 'constant spiritual journey' himself, and says that his book The Da Vinci Code is simply "an entertaining story that promotes spiritual discussion and debate" and suggests that the book may be used "as a positive catalyst for introspection and exploration of our faith."

Ans :

Dan Brown asserts that his books are not anti-Christian, and it is right also because he wants to reveal the facts. He also says that he is on the spiritual journey as he portrays the characters who have faith in the religion. Through the murder mystery he unfolds the factual things about the Christianity.  if we look deeply then we can find that there is much serious issues on which Brown throws light. In a way he is trying to awaken the people from the blind faith.  there are several incidence which shows us that our hero has faith on the Christianity and also he don’t want to break it. We can say that Robert Langdon's journey as a pilgrimage. The search for the Spiritual Truth. Brown is just using the historical fact with his imagined story.

2. Although it is obvious that much of what Brown presented in his novel as absolutely true and accurate is neither of those, some of that material is of course essential to the intrigue, and screenwriter Akiva Goldsman has retained the novel's core, the Grail-related material: the sacred feminine, Mary Magdalene's marriage, the Priory of Sion, certain aspects of Leonardo's art, and so on[1].” How far do you agree with this observation of Norris J. Lacy?

Ans:

Yes, the observation of Norris Lacy is true. We can say Akiva Goldsman has conserved the story line and it is much like novel. The grail related material, definite aspects of Leonardo's art and many things. The screen writer is successful to keep the core content through the use of all the symbols and secrets about the novel. We can find the scenes in Louvre museum so it is much realistic. Dan Brown's major materials for the novel is taken from the book 'The holy blood and the holy grail'. The idea of feminine sacredness is much live as Sophie Nevue leads to Robert Langton.

3. You have studied ‘Genesis’ (The Bible), ‘The Paradise Lost’ (John Milton) and ‘The Da Vinci Code’ (Dan Brown). Which of the narrative/s seem/s to be truthful? Whose narrative is convincing to the contemporary young mind?

Ans:

The narrative of the da Vinci code is more convincing because its time to doubt and not believing in what is written and said. Milton's The Paradise Lost is story of god,punishment So it keep people in fear while The Da Vinci code tries to prove Jesus as man in logical way. So Da Vinci code is more convincing in this era.

4. What harm has been done to humanity by the biblical narration or that of Milton’s in The Paradise Lose? What sort of damage does narrative like ‘The Vinci Code’ do to humanity?

Ans:

 Milton displays woman as downfall of a man and in many narrator there is woman who is the reason of downfall of man. In The Da Vinci code society and people were not free. Even artists also had to paint and draw what church want. Lots of people have been killing for religion. The Da Vinci code tries to deconstruct Jesus as God with the help of myths. In the novel there is description of how millions of women were killed for killing of Marie Magdalene. This work can be do harm in that way. In the end it proves that heir of Jesus is living. So for protection of power again church can do same thing.

5. What difference do you see in the portrayal of 'Ophelia' (Kate Winslet) in Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet, 'Elizabeth' (Helena Bonham Carter) in Kenneth Branagh's Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or 'Hester Prynne' (Demi Moore) in Roland Joffé's The Scarlet Letter' or David Yates's 'Harmione Granger' (Emma Watson) in last four Harry Potter films - and 'Sophie Neuve' (Audrey Tautau) in Ron Howard's The Da Vinci Code? How would justify your answer?

Ans:

The portrayal of the character its makes difference, and the perspectives towards the author or film maker is different for us, Kenneth Branagh sexually objected Kate Winset by taking liberty with Ophelia's portrayal and showed her nude which we do not find in Shakespeare's Hamlet. Ron maintained sacredness in Sophie's portrayal  in movie and thus, even if Dan's Sophie is kissed on lips, he do not show those scenes in movie. Kenneth Branagh in Frankenstein also, takes liberty with portrayal of Elizabeth on screen, whereas Ron Howard, remained faithful to the central theme of feminine sacredness in Sophie's portrayal.

 6. Do novel / film lead us into critical (deconstructive) thinking about your religion? Can we think of such conspiracy theory about Hindu religious symbols / myths?

Ans:

 The DA Vinci code questions that whom we believe God, are they really God or they were humans like us? In Hindu religion also there are established gods and goddesses. Rama and Krishna are prominent gods of Hindus but they can be man. Only source of their information are books.  Most of the stories of Hindu religion tells the stories of how God punishes who do not worship them. There are lots of examples in vratkathas.  Those type of stories are conspiracies to keep people in fear.

7. Have you come across any similar book/movie, which tries to deconstruct accepted notions about Hindu religion or culture and by dismantling it, attempts to reconstruct another possible interpretation of truth?

Ans:

Yes, we can find in films like 'OMG' and 'PK', which deconstructs the idea of God and the existence of God.

8. When we do traditional reading of the novel ‘The Da Vinci Code’, Robert Langdon, Professor of Religious Symbology, Harvard University emerges as protagonist and Sir Leigh Teabing, a British Historian as antagonist. Who will claim the position of protagonist if we do atheist reading of the novel?

Ans:

When novel ends protagonist Robert Langdon clearly  emerges as staunch believer of God while antagonist Leigh Teabing as atheist. Teabing's only intention is to make all humans free. Free from fear of God. He always believed that Jesus is not God and whole life tries to find secret of holy grail and prove it. He kills many people and can do anything to prove his belief. So if we read novel as atheist novel then Leigh Teabing will be protagonist. And his intention also can be consider good for humanity.

9. Explain Ann Gray’s three propositions on ‘knowability’ with illustrations from the novel ‘The Da Vinci Code’.
a.       1) Identifying what is knowable
b.      2) identifying and acknowledging the relationship of the knower and the known
c.      3) What is the procedure for ‘knowing’?

Ans :

 In this novel this sentence "I dont know what I dont know" is reflecting here, even character of Sophia her self don't know that she is descendant of Jesus and also Robert langdon quest for knowing is also presented, so idea of 'knowability' is play a vital role in this novel.  And after the known the truth Sophia and Robert langdon are seems to not happy, they dont take much interest to revel the truth to the worlds.

Measure for Measure by William Shakespeare

Measure for Measure is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603 or 1604. Originally published in the First Folio of 1623, where it was listed as a comedy, the play's first recorded performance occurred in 1604. The play's main themes include justice, "mortality and mercy in Vienna," and the dichotomy between corruption and purity: "some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall." Mercy and virtue prevail, as the play does not end tragically, with virtues such as compassion and forgiveness being exercised at the end of the production. While the play focuses on justice overall, the final scene illustrates that Shakespeare intended for moral justice to temper strict civil justice: a number of the characters receive understanding and leniency, instead of the harsh punishment to which they, according to the law, could have been sentenced.

Measure for Measure is often called one of Shakespeare's problem plays. It continues to be classified as a comedy, albeit a dark one, though its tone may defy those expectations.

The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka

The Metamorphosis is a novella written by Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. One of Kafka's best-known works, The Metamorphosis tells the story of salesman Gregor Samsa who wakes one morning to find himself inexplicably transformed into a huge insect and subsequently struggling to adjust to this new condition. The novella has been widely discussed among literary critics, with differing interpretations being offered.

Presentation paper no 13 New literature

Paper13 the new lit.. from Vijay Makwana

Topic : The role of second sex in Patriarchal society (With Reference To Da Vinci Code) 

Presentation paper no 14 African literature

Paper 14 african lit from Vijay Makwana

Meaning of Swamp in The Swamp Dwellers 

Presentation Paper no 15 Mass Media

Paper 15 mass media from Vijay Makwana


Topic : Short films 

Enoch Arden by Alfred Lord Tennyson, B.A Syllabus

Enoch Arden is a narrative poem published in 1864 by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, during his tenure as England's poet laureate. The story on which it was based was provided to Tennyson by Thomas Woolner. The poem lent its name to a principle in law that after being missing a certain number of years, a person could be declared dead for purposes of remarriage and inheritance.

The Guide by R. K. Narayan

The Guide is a 1958 novel written in English by the Indian author R. K. Narayan. Like most of his works the novel is based on Malgudi, the fictional town in South India. The novel describes the transformation of the protagonist, Raju, from a tour guide to a spiritual guide and then one of the greatest holy men of India.

In this story show the critical condition of human, believe in superstitions, cheat people, show the reality of blind faith, fighting for his acceptance and ability. 

An Astrologer's Day by R. K. Narayan

An Astrologer's Day is a thriller, suspense short story  by author R. K. Narayan. While it had been published earlier, it was the titular story of Narayan's fourth collection of short stories published in 1947 by Indian Thought Publications. It was the first chapter of the world famous collection of stories Malgudi Days which was later telecasted on television in 2006.

The ironical fact about the protagonist is that a gambler and a murderer, who is ignorant of his own future has become an astrologer.

The writer reveals how the only qualification needed to be an astrologer in India is saffron clothes, a few charts and tilak and a keen observation of human nature along with a presence of mind.

The astrologer should have been greatly relieved that he is not a murderer after all and he has managed to put Guru Nayak off, and he should not have bothered about how much money he had received. Yet, when he realizes Nayak has cheated him of some money he is angry.

The Gift of he Magi

"The Gift of the Magi" is a short story by O. Henry first published in 1905. The story tells of a young husband and wife and how they deal with the challenge of buying secret Christmas gifts for each other with very little money. As a sentimental story with a moral lesson about gift-giving, it has been popular for adaptation, especially for presentation at Christmas time. The plot and its twist ending are well-known, and the ending is generally considered an example of comic irony. It was allegedly written at Pete's Tavern[2] on Irving Place in New York City.

The Tamning of the Shrew

The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare. The play begins with a framing device, often referred to as the induction,[a] in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself. The nobleman then has the play performed for Sly's diversion.

The main plot depicts the courtship of Petruchio and Katherina, the headstrong, obdurate shrew. Initially, Katherina is an unwilling participant in the relationship; however, Petruchio "tames" her with various psychological torments, such as keeping her from eating and drinking, until she becomes a desirable, compliant, and obedient bride. The subplot features a competition between the suitors of Katherina's younger sister, Bianca, who is seen as the "ideal" woman. The question of whether the play is misogynistic or not has become the subject of considerable controversy, particularly among modern scholars, audiences, and readers.

The Taming of the Shrew has been adapted numerous times for stage, screen, opera, ballet, and musical theatre; perhaps the most famous adaptations being Cole Porter's Kiss Me, Kate and the 1967 film of the play, starring Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton. The 1999 high school comedy film 10 Things I Hate About You is also loosely based on the play.

Harry Potter :- Web-Quest Activity

                                        This blog is a part of  my classroom activity on Web Quest on Harry Potter series in we have to search three best online sources and give argument and illustration for given point by Dr. Dilip Barad. To know more about Web Quest task click here to read professor's blog.

Click hear to see Webquest :~

Click hear to see rubric evaluation :~



1)    Feminist reading of Harmione’s character in Harry Potter

Hermione Granger, a good, loyal friend of Harry Potter. She is a manifestation of the author herself within the text. “Hermione is me,” Rowling has said in several interviews, “A caricature of me when I was younger”. She is not only as a strong female character, an essential part of Harry's life, but also as a feminist protagonist in her own right. Hermione represents the bookish knowledge, she knows the spells very well and also knows how to apply it. In the first and second part she represents the good virtues like, friendship, loyalty. In any kind of situation she stands for Harry.
Hermione is the perfect example when examining the feminist principles in the novels. Throughout the series she has many strengths and weaknesses, but she is mostly criticized about her weaknesses as a character. At some time she becomes concious about her look, which becomes very problematic from feminine perspective. 

Other female characters like Mrs. Weasley, who represents motherhood, caring nature. Ginny, Luna, ProMcGonagall, all has significant role, though they remains shallow under the patriarchal power.

2)      Discourse on the purity of Blood and Harry Potter

In Harry Potter, J. K. Rowling includes several issues like racism discourse of blood like wizard blood, muggle blood.


1)    Muggles (non-magical persons)
2)    Muggle-borns (witches/wizards with magical abilities but non- magical parents)
3)    half-bloods (witches/wizards who are not pure-blooded, but also not Muggle-born)
4)    purebloods (those with complete magical ancestry)
5)    Squibs (a non-magical child with magical parents


In the world of wizards Hermione portrayed as marginalized, she doesn't have pure-blood, her parents are muggles. She insulted many times by Draco Malfoy on the name of muggle blood.

Harry described as half-blood, because only his father belongs to wizard world, and her mother is not. Through the aspects of blood author satires on the American society, and the raises the question of racism. Ron Weasley, a pure blood and good friend of Hermione and Harry. So, here author makes possibilities that the intellectual and ability does not dependent on the race or cast.



3)      Confronting reality by reading fantasy

Fantasy narratives are normality used to stand for a peculiar world that is present and seeable in the society. As one of the best-selling fantasy novels in history J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the philosopher's Stone introduces one of the most loved and traditional hero in the character of Harry Potter. Harry is an ordinary orphaned male child who is first unaware of the complicated hereafter that awaits him in Howgarts' school of Witchcraft and wizardry.

In the series of Harry Potter, J. k. Rowling introduces the fantasy universe of Howgarts but the novel also beyond that fantasy because Rowling gives message of real universe like good and evil, love and death and adulthood, morality, power and politics. The fiction character of harry Potter is an 11 year old orphan life with his typical tough of a cousin Dudley Dursiey together with similarity cruel aunt and uncle. Petunia and Vernon Dursley. His charming destiny begins when he is summoned to the Howgarts's School of Witchcraft and Wizardry by the school master Albus Dumbledor. As he grows up faces his journey and adventures with his friends Hermione Gramger and Ron Weasley and learnt life lesson through different circumstances and also Rowling used many real things and event in the novel so we can see reality with fantasy elements.

4)      Self-Help culture and Harry Potter

Harry Potter has given many lessons which can make these books as self help books. For instance, finding happiness in dark times, doing duty honestly even if people don’t like you, recognize friend in disguise, loyalty, sacrifice, friendship, persistency, these all are the topics which can be taken as self help. But there is something more than this which make this books different from others self help cultured books. Those books asks to find reason of failure in one’s own self. It sooths the political agenda of government, who tells people that there is something lacking in you and not in the system. Harry Potter differs from these culture. Harry Potter teach us to question the authority. It teaches to doubt power also not only own self. It also teach us to fight against the power. We can take example of Dumbledore’s army, which was trained by Harry. That army was to fight against the Ministry of Magic. So it doesn’t sooths the agenda of government. It is rather teaching that question authority is betterment for society.

5)      The discourse of Power and Politics in Harry Potter

Whole Harry Potter series has the dynamics of power politics. Questioning authority is base of good democracy, but when power is not ready for criticism or in the name of reformation when power controls and separate people then they don’t accepts questions as something good, but rather they take it as disloyalty towards the authority. This started happening in Hogwarts also when government started interfering the education. Education is base of people. They learn to ask question when they are educating themselves. But when people from Ministry of Magic has become professor in school the atmosphere has started changing. Umbridge is a member of Ministry of Magic, she came in to education. Very first thing which she did was she started giving punishment for asking questions and started separating those who asks question. When fellow teachers ask her anything she accuse them of being disloyal to the authority. She has taken all the freedom of students. There are more restriction on students in the name of discipline. Whole Hogwarts has changed because of her large list of rules and strict application of those rules. This is how they have controlled the resistance.

 After all these things Voldemort is coming in to the power because the death eaters are now becoming professor at Hogwarts. Those professors has strictly act on the idea of Voldemort. That idea was of pure blood. They have started catching those who are not belongs to pure blood. This is how they make the non pure bloods, Others. On this idea of Others they have started killing muggles and half blood people. So this is how power politics works in the Harry Potter.

6)      Children’s Literature and Harry Potter

Harry Potter is one of the classic works in children's literature. J. K. Rowling's sharp wit, humour and imagination are unrivaled in children's literature. Rowling's Harry Potter is masterpiece children literature, she used magic and fantasy because it is said that we can explore many life lesson from children literature. Rowling explored reality through fantasy. We can connect our day today experiences with the characters of the novel. How to make our own decision, how to overcome our emotional attachment and be ready to  tackle ever problem of life. So, in this way we can say that Harry Potter series is for children to old age people.

7)      Speculative literature and Harry Potter

Speculative fiction is an umbrella genre encompassing fiction with elements that do not exist in the real world, often in the context of supernatural, futuristic or other imaginative themes. This includes, but is not limited to, science fiction, fantasy, superhero fiction, science fantasy, horror, utopian and dystopian fiction, supernatural fiction as well as combinations thereof. Hence, Harry Potter series also a speculative fiction we can say because it is full of imagination and fabtasy, there are imaginative world of magic which are do not exits in the real world. There many scientific elwment like many kind of liquids are used to change look. So, we can say the novel is best example of speculative fiction.

8)    The theme of Choice and Chance

"It is our choice, that show what we truly are, for more than our abilities” says Dumbledore. By and large Harry Potter series has been worked on idea of choice or better to say it has emphasised on choice. We can see that from the very beginning, from sorting hat to the Harry going in to the forest. The choice is the one which matters. There are phases where chance work more than choice, but choice is the one who dominate the narrative.

Voldemort has believed that his downfall is because of chance every time. He believed that it was chance that Harry happens to caught him or defeat him. But in the case of Harry it mostly a choice of Harry which had lead him to do, what he has able to do in the all series. May be Rowling wants to make magical world, which is not dominated by the fate. Things happens because people choose to act on them. If we talk about prophecies, then even it is not fate driven. Prophecies becomes true because characters choose to act according the prophecies. Harry’s mother choose to sacrifice her self for her son and that is why Harry is alive. Same way at the end Harry choose to sacrifice himself to protect the Hogwarts. Harry choose to let Voldemort apply killing charm on him. Because of that killing charm one horcrux which Voldemort has unknowingly left in inside Harry and that got destructed by Voldemort himself that was a chance. At some level chance is taking over choice. As in fourth part, “Harry Potter and Goblet of Fire” here name of Harry comes as pure chance and then he don’t even have choice to withdraw it. So here it is like one has to do something compulsory. But then in last two part Harry, Hermione and Ron choose to find every horcrux and destroy it, so here choice is more powerful then chance. This is how Harry Potter has theme of choice and chance.

9)      The theme of Love and Death

Love and death are the major themes in J. k. Rowling's fantasy novel and she also said that these series all about death and love. She justifies her point by presenting the characters of Ron and Hermione who are in love from the very beginning even they are fighting with each other. Further, the love between Harry and Dumbledore, Lily's love for Harry, harry's love for his friends, etc. In the other death also a crucial element in the novel. At the very beginning of the story we heart that Harry's parents have died, and in due course both we and Harry learn that they were murdered. The Shadow of death hangs over Harry; he learns that he, too, was intended to be a victim, but spared in a way no-one can explain. He narrowly escapes death again at the close of the first two books, and third is concerned with his pursuit by an escaped murderer. At the end of the fourth book, a school friend is killed before his eyes, and he himself barely escapes again. In the fifth book he loses his newly regained godfather, and in the sixth even his great and seemingly indestructible mentor, Dumbledore. Yes, death is a constant visitor to Harry's world.

10)   Moral and Philosophical reading of Harry Potter

Harry and Voldemort, different moral values. Harry's moral values becomes the weapon to defeat the Voldemort. In his acceptance of his mortality, “the boy who lived” is able more fully and wholly to live. Voldemort in the quest to be immortal he loses his moral values. In the end of many books Dumbuldore give Harry some kind of moral lessons like about love, choices, friendship.  Throughout the Harry Potter series there are two distinct types of characters, morally good and bad. On the good side there is characters such as, Harry, Hermione, Ron, Dumbledore. While on the bad side Draco, Umbridge, Voldemort. Those who are in the favour of good moral values they gain the love of readers.



11) Christianity and Harry Potter Series

Harry Potter series directly have no relation with Christianity. Many critics say that the novel is anti-christianity because there are many thing in the fiction are ant Christian like magic. Magic js abondon in Christianity so Rowling written an anti christian work. In addition, there is not any kind of church for prayer even the good fights with powerful evil force though they do not pray to God for survival. All the characters fights and save themselves without any divinity power. But there are couple of scenes which somehow connected with Christianity like Christmas celebration and after the death of Albus Dambledor we see the view like heaven. So, at last we can say that Harry Potter is ant Christian fiction.

12) What is your opinion on this:

As per the Mitchel Foucault's theory "Power and Knowledge. J. K. Rowling similarly conveys the message that question the power because what is written is not always true in the post truth era. These lines by Rowling is also relevant in the present era, we see in many political leaders and media who keep on speaking lies for remaining in the power and also there are many speeches or write fake history. So, we have to cross check everything rather than follow blindly.

Harry Potter, the novel conveys the message which is don't like by reader and many who watched the movie. Because protagonist, the half blood wins over the pure blood, which can be not digest. And what can be assume about media and press it can not  be truth also. 

work cited :

http://chintavan.blogspot.com/2017/03/webquest-harry-potter-think-and-write.html?m=1

https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Pure-blood

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