Name : Makwana Vijay K.
Sem : 3
Roll no. : 34
Email Id : vijaykm7777@gmail.com
Enrollment no. : 2069108420180035
Submitted to : Department of English MKBU
Topic : (TPR) Total Physical Response.
Introduction :
(TPR) Total physical response is a language teaching method developed by James Asher, a professor emeritus of psychology at San José State University. It is based on the coordination of language and physical movement. In TPR, instructors or teacher give commands to students in the target language with body movements, and students respond with whole-body actions. The method is an example of the comprehension approach to language teaching. The listening and responding serves two purposes: It is a means of quickly recognizing the meaning in language being learned, and a means of passively learning the structure of the language itself. Grammar is not taught but can be learned from the language input. TPR is a valuable way to learn vocabulary, tenses, especially idiomatic terms, e.g., phrasal verbs.
The developed TPR as a result of his experiences observing young children learning their first language. He noticed that interaction between parents and children often took the form of speech from the parent followed by a physical response from the child. Asher made three hypotheses based on his observations: first, that language is learned primarily by listening; second, that language learning must engage the right hemisphere of the brain; and third, that learning language should not involve any stress. Total physical response is often used alongside other methods and techniques. It is popular with beginners and with young learners, although it can be used with students of all levels and all age groups.
Principles of TPR :
Total physical response is an example of the comprehension approach to language teaching and learning. Methods in the comprehension approach emphasize the importance of listening to language development, and do not require spoken output in the early stages of learning. In total physical response, students are not forced to speak. Instead, teachers wait until students acquire enough language through listening that they start to speak spontaneously. At the beginning stages of instruction students can respond to the instructor in their native language. While the majority of class time in total physical response is spent on listening comprehension, the ultimate goal of the method is to develop oral fluency. Asher sees developing listening comprehension skills as the most efficient way of developing spoken language skills. Lessons in TPR are organized around grammar, and in particular around the verb. Instructors issue commands based on the verbs and vocabulary to be learned in that lesson
How can I use it in class :~
In the classroom the teacher plays the role of parent like mother. She starts by saying a word ('jump') or a phrase ('look at the board') and showing an action. The teacher then says the command and the students all do the action. After repeating a few times it is possible to extend this by asking the students to repeat the word as they do the action. When they feel confident with the word or phrase you can then ask the students to direct each other or the whole class. It is more effective if the students are standing in a circle around the teacher and you can even encourage them to walk around as they do the action.
TPR can be used to teach and practice so many things as :
1) Vocabulary connected with actions like smile, anger, chop, headache and other
2) Grammatical items including tenses past/present /future /continuous. Example like : I completed my homework in last night, I wrap-up in 7 am. I so tired because last night I do my work and sleep at 2:45 AM.
3) Classroom language like open your books and try to read lesson no 4.
4) Imperative instructions like stand up, sit down, I open your book, close your eyes, etc.
5) Storytelling : It can be adapted for all kinds of teaching situations, you just need to use your imagination!
Why should I use it in the classroom :~
It is a lot of fun, students enjoy it and it can be a real easy to understand in the class. It lifts the pace and the mood. It is very memorable. It really helps students to remember phrases or words, sentence and vocabulary. It is good for kinaesthetic learners who need to be active in the class. It can be used in large or small classes. It doesn't really matter how many students you have as long as you are prepared to take the lead, the students will follow.
It works well with mixed-ability classes. The physical actions get across the meaning effectively so that all the students are able to understand and use the target language. It doesn't require a lot of preparation or materials. As long as you are clear what you want to practise, it won't take a lot of time to get ready. It is very effective with teenagers and young learners. It involves both left- and right-brained learning.
Teaching English through actions, Total Physical Response :~
Total Physical Response is the name given to a learning strategy .The basic technique of TPR is simple. Learners act out commands given by the teacher or their fellow lik later stage. These commands, or series of commands, are simple at the beginning (stand up, sit down), but after some time they may become more complex.
Firstly of all TPR method create the positive thinking which facilitates the student to involve in the learning process. It can develop not only motivation but also the aim of students in learning. This method is very easy and the usage of the language contains of action games ,that’s why it can help student to learn fast and effectively. Secondly , students can memorize the vocabulary by looking at the action even through the vocabulary is not translated .
Teaching materials :~
Total physical response lessons typically use many variety and kind like : posters, and props. Teaching materials are not compulsory to use but as teacher like to use than teacher use it, and for the very first lessons they may not be used. As students progress in ability the teacher may begin to use objects found in the classroom such as furniture or books, and later may use word charts, pictures, and props. There are a number of specialized TPR teaching products available, including student kits developed by Asher and an interactive CD-ROM for students to practice with privately.
Advantages of TPR :~
1) When I use TPR, first I get the students to do the actions and then I do them and drill the students to give them an opportunity to practise making the sounds. They are then ready to give commands to each other.
2) Teacher try to palyed some game like to play is to organize the students into a circle around me, I say the word and the last person to do the action is out. This person then stands behind me and watches for the student who does the action last. Eventually there is only one student, she is the winner.
3) It is fun and easy learning and understand the words, vocabulary and other things. It lifts the pace and the mood. Students like this method because it is enjoyable and creative that's why students like this method. Teacher and students feel enthusiasm and learn with fun.
4) It does not require a great deal of preparation on the part of the teacher. Teacher are not prepared more because it's easy to teach this method. Teacher is easy to handle whole class.
5) It is a good tool for learning vocabulary. This is the effective teaching method to teach and sepret the words, vocabulary and tenses. It is very effective with teenagers and young learners.
6)Class size does not need to be a problem. Teacher easy to maintain big or small class.
7)There is no age barrier. Anybody applying this mathod to teaching and learning because it's easy to learn and easy to teach.
8) It is good for all the learners who are active in the class. Teacher teach a new lesson that if student active in class that he/she easily understand the topic and task.
9) It works well with the mixed-ability classes, teacher give task to all participants. The physical action get across the meaning effectively so that all learners are able to comprehend and apply the target language.
Disadvantages TPR :~
1) Students who are not used to such things might find it embarrassing. This can be the case initially but I have found that if the teacher is prepared to perform the actions, the students feel happier about copying. Also the students are in groups and don't have to perform for the whole class. This pleasure is reserved for the teacher.
2)It is only really suitable for beginner levels. TPR method only teach between small students it's not effect to teach higer class students. Used only kg students that's why it is not widely useful in highschool students.
3) It is clear that it is far more useful at lower levels because the target language lends itself to such activities I have also used it successfully with Intermediate and Advanced levels. You need to adapt the language accordingly. For example, it helped me to teach 'ways of walking' to an advanced class and cooking verbs to intermediate students.
4) It is not a very creative method. Students are not given the opportunity to express their own views and thoughts in a creative way. This method is to learn words, vocabulary and tense. This is a basically things which we learn in our kg time, and also this method isn't creative because teacher try to teach with use of his action, voice, sign, and movement that's why students not give his experiences about teaching.
5) It is easy to overuse TPR.
6) It is limited, since everything cannot be explained with this method. It must be combined with other approaches. In my view it'snot to teach foreign language because it is the difficult technic to teach English language. It's not teach between this TPR method, it's only learn to frist stage of learning like learning words, vocabulary, sentence, structure and tenses.
You can't teach everything with it and if used a lot it would become repetitive. I completely agree with this but it can be a successful and fun way of changing the dynamics and pace of a lesson used in conjunction with other methods and techniques.
Work site :
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_physical_response
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/total-physical-response-tpr
Sem : 3
Roll no. : 34
Email Id : vijaykm7777@gmail.com
Enrollment no. : 2069108420180035
Submitted to : Department of English MKBU
Topic : (TPR) Total Physical Response.
Introduction :
(TPR) Total physical response is a language teaching method developed by James Asher, a professor emeritus of psychology at San José State University. It is based on the coordination of language and physical movement. In TPR, instructors or teacher give commands to students in the target language with body movements, and students respond with whole-body actions. The method is an example of the comprehension approach to language teaching. The listening and responding serves two purposes: It is a means of quickly recognizing the meaning in language being learned, and a means of passively learning the structure of the language itself. Grammar is not taught but can be learned from the language input. TPR is a valuable way to learn vocabulary, tenses, especially idiomatic terms, e.g., phrasal verbs.
The developed TPR as a result of his experiences observing young children learning their first language. He noticed that interaction between parents and children often took the form of speech from the parent followed by a physical response from the child. Asher made three hypotheses based on his observations: first, that language is learned primarily by listening; second, that language learning must engage the right hemisphere of the brain; and third, that learning language should not involve any stress. Total physical response is often used alongside other methods and techniques. It is popular with beginners and with young learners, although it can be used with students of all levels and all age groups.
Principles of TPR :
Total physical response is an example of the comprehension approach to language teaching and learning. Methods in the comprehension approach emphasize the importance of listening to language development, and do not require spoken output in the early stages of learning. In total physical response, students are not forced to speak. Instead, teachers wait until students acquire enough language through listening that they start to speak spontaneously. At the beginning stages of instruction students can respond to the instructor in their native language. While the majority of class time in total physical response is spent on listening comprehension, the ultimate goal of the method is to develop oral fluency. Asher sees developing listening comprehension skills as the most efficient way of developing spoken language skills. Lessons in TPR are organized around grammar, and in particular around the verb. Instructors issue commands based on the verbs and vocabulary to be learned in that lesson
How can I use it in class :~
In the classroom the teacher plays the role of parent like mother. She starts by saying a word ('jump') or a phrase ('look at the board') and showing an action. The teacher then says the command and the students all do the action. After repeating a few times it is possible to extend this by asking the students to repeat the word as they do the action. When they feel confident with the word or phrase you can then ask the students to direct each other or the whole class. It is more effective if the students are standing in a circle around the teacher and you can even encourage them to walk around as they do the action.
TPR can be used to teach and practice so many things as :
1) Vocabulary connected with actions like smile, anger, chop, headache and other
2) Grammatical items including tenses past/present /future /continuous. Example like : I completed my homework in last night, I wrap-up in 7 am. I so tired because last night I do my work and sleep at 2:45 AM.
3) Classroom language like open your books and try to read lesson no 4.
4) Imperative instructions like stand up, sit down, I open your book, close your eyes, etc.
5) Storytelling : It can be adapted for all kinds of teaching situations, you just need to use your imagination!
Why should I use it in the classroom :~
It is a lot of fun, students enjoy it and it can be a real easy to understand in the class. It lifts the pace and the mood. It is very memorable. It really helps students to remember phrases or words, sentence and vocabulary. It is good for kinaesthetic learners who need to be active in the class. It can be used in large or small classes. It doesn't really matter how many students you have as long as you are prepared to take the lead, the students will follow.
It works well with mixed-ability classes. The physical actions get across the meaning effectively so that all the students are able to understand and use the target language. It doesn't require a lot of preparation or materials. As long as you are clear what you want to practise, it won't take a lot of time to get ready. It is very effective with teenagers and young learners. It involves both left- and right-brained learning.
Teaching English through actions, Total Physical Response :~
Total Physical Response is the name given to a learning strategy .The basic technique of TPR is simple. Learners act out commands given by the teacher or their fellow lik later stage. These commands, or series of commands, are simple at the beginning (stand up, sit down), but after some time they may become more complex.
Firstly of all TPR method create the positive thinking which facilitates the student to involve in the learning process. It can develop not only motivation but also the aim of students in learning. This method is very easy and the usage of the language contains of action games ,that’s why it can help student to learn fast and effectively. Secondly , students can memorize the vocabulary by looking at the action even through the vocabulary is not translated .
Teaching materials :~
Total physical response lessons typically use many variety and kind like : posters, and props. Teaching materials are not compulsory to use but as teacher like to use than teacher use it, and for the very first lessons they may not be used. As students progress in ability the teacher may begin to use objects found in the classroom such as furniture or books, and later may use word charts, pictures, and props. There are a number of specialized TPR teaching products available, including student kits developed by Asher and an interactive CD-ROM for students to practice with privately.
Advantages of TPR :~
1) When I use TPR, first I get the students to do the actions and then I do them and drill the students to give them an opportunity to practise making the sounds. They are then ready to give commands to each other.
2) Teacher try to palyed some game like to play is to organize the students into a circle around me, I say the word and the last person to do the action is out. This person then stands behind me and watches for the student who does the action last. Eventually there is only one student, she is the winner.
3) It is fun and easy learning and understand the words, vocabulary and other things. It lifts the pace and the mood. Students like this method because it is enjoyable and creative that's why students like this method. Teacher and students feel enthusiasm and learn with fun.
4) It does not require a great deal of preparation on the part of the teacher. Teacher are not prepared more because it's easy to teach this method. Teacher is easy to handle whole class.
5) It is a good tool for learning vocabulary. This is the effective teaching method to teach and sepret the words, vocabulary and tenses. It is very effective with teenagers and young learners.
6)Class size does not need to be a problem. Teacher easy to maintain big or small class.
7)There is no age barrier. Anybody applying this mathod to teaching and learning because it's easy to learn and easy to teach.
8) It is good for all the learners who are active in the class. Teacher teach a new lesson that if student active in class that he/she easily understand the topic and task.
9) It works well with the mixed-ability classes, teacher give task to all participants. The physical action get across the meaning effectively so that all learners are able to comprehend and apply the target language.
Disadvantages TPR :~
1) Students who are not used to such things might find it embarrassing. This can be the case initially but I have found that if the teacher is prepared to perform the actions, the students feel happier about copying. Also the students are in groups and don't have to perform for the whole class. This pleasure is reserved for the teacher.
2)It is only really suitable for beginner levels. TPR method only teach between small students it's not effect to teach higer class students. Used only kg students that's why it is not widely useful in highschool students.
3) It is clear that it is far more useful at lower levels because the target language lends itself to such activities I have also used it successfully with Intermediate and Advanced levels. You need to adapt the language accordingly. For example, it helped me to teach 'ways of walking' to an advanced class and cooking verbs to intermediate students.
4) It is not a very creative method. Students are not given the opportunity to express their own views and thoughts in a creative way. This method is to learn words, vocabulary and tense. This is a basically things which we learn in our kg time, and also this method isn't creative because teacher try to teach with use of his action, voice, sign, and movement that's why students not give his experiences about teaching.
5) It is easy to overuse TPR.
6) It is limited, since everything cannot be explained with this method. It must be combined with other approaches. In my view it'snot to teach foreign language because it is the difficult technic to teach English language. It's not teach between this TPR method, it's only learn to frist stage of learning like learning words, vocabulary, sentence, structure and tenses.
You can't teach everything with it and if used a lot it would become repetitive. I completely agree with this but it can be a successful and fun way of changing the dynamics and pace of a lesson used in conjunction with other methods and techniques.
Work site :
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_physical_response
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/total-physical-response-tpr
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